Capsule Endoscopy

A remarkable and relatively new technology called capsule endoscopy (PillCAM™) is permitting gastroenterologists to examine the gastrointestinal tract without having to insert a scope or take any other invasive steps. This test uses a small, self-contained video camera with light source that fits into a capsule small enough to swallow. After being swallowed, the capsule, about the size of a large vitamin pill, naturally travels the route of the digestive tract, just as ingested food would. During its transit through the GI system, it transmits pictures continuously. A set of sensors are attached to the patient’s abdomen, and a small pack, carried by the patient on a belt around the waist, receives and records the signals. The physician can later play back the images.

Doctors use this test primarily to examine the condition of the small intestines. The capsule provides images of that entire length of the GI tract. It is disposable and is passed normally though bowel movement.

This test is most commonly used to evaluate patients for inflammatory bowel disease, especially those suspected of having Crohn’s disease. Capsule endoscopy can reveal early signs of this condition, which are difficult to identify with other tests.

Thus patients with recurrent or persistent symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, or anemia may benefit from this test. Capsule endoscopy can also provide information about the effectiveness of therapy for certain intestinal conditions and about the speed and strength with which the digestive system is moving its contents.

In order to prepare for this test, patients go on a clear liquid diet 24 hours prior to the procedure and then a fast for the 10 hours before the procedure. Patients should discuss any medications they are taking with their physician, in case adjustments are needed in preparation for the test. Wearing the belt pack, patients can be mobile during the eight hours (approximately) required for the capsule to travel the length of the small intestine.

For more on what this test entails, see: Preparing for your capsule endoscopy.