Allergen: Insect Stings

Insect stings that most commonly cause allergic reactions

Insects that are members of the Hymenoptera family most commonly cause allergic reactions. These include:

• Bees

• Wasps

• Hornets

• Yellow jackets

• Fire ants

Allergic reactions to insect stings

Usually, the reaction is short-lived, with redness and swelling followed by pain and itching. Generally, the reaction lasts only a few hours, although some may last longer.

For other people, however, allergic reactions to these insect stings can be life-threatening. This severe reaction is a medical emergency that can involve organ systems throughout the body. The reaction is called anaphylaxis and can include severe symptoms such as:

• Itching and hives over most of the body

• Swelling of the throat and tongue

• Difficulty in breathing and tightness in the chest

• Dizziness

• Headache

• Stomach cramps, nausea, or diarrhea

• Rapid fall in blood pressure

• Shock

• Loss of consciousness

• Hoarse voice or swelling of the tongue

Immediate medical attention is required.

Can insect stings be prevented?

Avoidance of insects is the best preventive measure. Suggestions include:

• When outdoors, be cautious of drinking from open soft drink cans. Stinging insects are attracted to them, and can crawl inside.

• Keep food covered when eating outdoors.

• Avoid sweet-smelling perfumes, hairsprays, and deodorants.

• Avoid wearing bright-colored clothing with flowery patterns. 

• Avoid going barefoot, and wear closed-toe shoes when walking in grassy areas.

• When gardening, watch for nests in trees, shrubs, and flower beds.

• Other areas in which to use caution: swimming pools, woodpiles, under eaves of houses, and trash containers.

Treatment for insect stings

Specific treatment for insect stings will be determined by your doctor based on:

• Your age, overall health, and medical history

• Extent of the reaction

• Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

• Expectations for the course of the reaction

• Your opinion or preference

Suggestions for immediate treatment for highly allergic people, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, include:

• When possible, immediately remove stinger, and scrape over the area with a fingernail. However, do not squeeze the area, which may force the venom into the body.

• An emergency treatment kit should be kept nearby at all times. Talk with your doctor about what it should include.

• Seek emergency care as soon as possible.